Appium in a Nutshell

appium

• runs basic checks
• node version (>= 5)
• CLI arguments checks
  • contains all available and supported CLI arguments
  • check for deprecation and mutual exclusion
• put logging together
• mixture out of npmlog, winston and a custom logger
• initiates AppiumDriver (extends Basedriver)
• assigns iOS/Android/Selendroid/Fake driver to session
• creates/deletes Appium session
• starts baseServer (appium-express)
• passes routes given by driver

appium-express (part of appium-base-driver)

• starts express server (allows x-domain-origin)
• initialises routes from AppiumDriver
• timeout handling
• serves a static page for test purposes
• connects req/res events to logger

mobile-json-wire-protocol (part of appium-base-driver)

• provides list of Appium commands
• subclassed by drivers that will use the protocol
• kind of middleware between client and driver
• handles jwp proxy for driver
• contains error classes for all types of errors
• sanitises error responses
• (un)wraps params to commands
• checks required params, validates params

appium-base-driver

• designed to have a single testing session per instantiation
• contains constraints on caps (platformName has to be present, etc)
• validates capabilities
• runs chain of promised commands with single concurrency
• handles session restart
• handles swipe options
• exports class (DeviceSettings) to manage device settings (get/update)
• contains basic commands
• to find elements
• create/delete sessions
• handle timeouts
• set/update device settings
• provides helper methods for commands

appium-ios-driver

• can also run as standalone server (has a small server part that extends from appium-express)
• supported strategies: "name", "xpath", "id", "-ios uiautomation", "class name", "accessibility id”
• can start a simulator or a real device (if udid is given)
• runs for each type a huge set of instructions
  • removeInstrumentsSocket
  • setBundleIdFromApp
  • createInstruments
  • runSimReset, isolateSimDevice, setLocale || runRealDeviceReset
  • setPreferences || runRealDeviceReset
  • startLogCapture
  • prelaunchSimulator || (noop)
  • startInstruments
  • onInstrumentsLaunch
  • configureBootstrap
  • setBundleId
  • setInitialOrientation
  • initAutoWebview
  • waitForAppLaunched
• all instructions are helper methods within driver.js
• contains a more specific set of capability constraints
• has logic to build and run Safari (safari-launcher) using appium-xcode
• implements commands for iOS driver
• Selenium commands are compiled to ui-automator commands
• commands will be send out to uiAutoClient (appium-uiauto)
• connects to appium remote debugger

appium-xcode

• runs shell commands to return useful data from Xcode like
• getPath
• getVersion
• getAutomationTraceTemplatePath
• getMaxIOSSDK
• …
• has an auto-retry built in

appium-uiauto

• wrapper for the iOS UI Automation framework
• talks to it via socket connection
• runs a command queue that get filled up by the sendCommand function
• handles responses (as a buffer) from the ui-automation framework
• uses osascript to rotate screenshots
• provides method to bootstrap simulator/realdevice (dynamic-bootstrap)
• javascript files which are run in the iOS UI Automation context (not node)
• responsible to execute actual iOS UI Automation commands
• see UIAutomation docs
• command flow is like
  • Webdriver command -> iOS driver command -> uiauto-command

appium-instruments

• wrapper to run instruments commands
• a lot of exec calls to talk to instruments binary
• all of them take callbacks to propagate the result
• uses "iwd" (instruments without delay) packages which have to be compiled first
• special Instruments package that gets rid of a delay between commands
• contains also older versions of iwd instrument (v4 - v7)

appium-ios-log

• captures console, performance and crash logs from the iOS simulator or real device
• by either calling tail to grab logs from a system path (simulator devices)
• or by calling deviceconsole (real devices)
• performance logs are getting grabbed using the remote-debugger
• crash logs remain in “.crash” files on the system

appium-ios-simulator

• wrapper around iOS simulator app
• start and shutdown (kill all) simulators
• updating settings and locals
• update/clean safari
• grabs meta data about the simulator device
• uses simctl to talk to the simulator
• works for Xcode 6 and 7

authorize-ios

• utility that pre-authorizes Instruments to run UIAutomation scripts against iOS devices
• enables developer tools by calling “DevToolsSecurity —enable”
• authorises user as developer calling “authorizationdb"
• changes ownerships of simulator directories

node-simctl

• wrapper around simctl binary (cli utility to control an iOS simulator)
• executed as a subcommand of xcrun (locate or invoke developer tools from the command-line)
• contains functions to
• install/remove apps
• launch and shutdown simulators
• create/erase/delete devices
• get list of devices

appium-cookies

• simple package to create and receive cookies
• used in the appium-ios-driver to implement jswonwire cookie commands within the web context

appium-chromedriver

• wrapper around the chrome driver
• downloads and installs chromedriver binaries
• launches, restarts and stops (or kills all) chrome instances
• uses appium-jsonwp-proxy to send json wire protocol commands to the driver

jsonwp-proxy (part of appium-base-driver)

• allows to send json wire protocol commands to a server that understands it (browser drivers)
• parses response into json
• allows to proxy requests to a proxied server
• used for communication in appium-chromedriver and appium-selendroid-driver

appium-android-driver

• similar to appium-ios-driver it can run as standalone server
• automates native, hybrid and mobile web apps on emulators/simulators and real devices
• takes care of installing android packages to the device
• runs chromedriver sessions if desired
• contains a more specific set of capability constraints
• uses appium-adb to talk to the emulator/simulator/realdevice
• and appium-android-bootstrap to execute the actual commands
• contains helpers to figure out which web view belongs to which app package vice versa

appium-adb

• wrapper around the Android Debug Bridge (adb)
• contains a bunch of commands that are basically just rpc to the adb binary
• houses jar files to run for special use cases like signing, verifying apps or moving manifests
• allows special (mobile specific) emulator commands that are not related to the webdriver protocol like
• locking the screen
• press back button
• press home button
• set/get airplane mode
• set/get wifi state
• captures logcat
• handles emulator/simulator actions (e.g. reboot)

appium-android-bootstrap

• JavaScript interface, and Java code, for interacting with Android UI Automator
• builds AppiumBootstrap.jar that contains logic to execute the commands
• counterpart to appium-uiauto
• once started it creates a web socket connection to the device
• application provides start/shutdown/sendCommand interface
• command flow is like:
• Selenium command -> appium-adb -> appium-android-bootstrap -> Java code using the Android UI Automator framework

appium-uiautomator

• starts and shutdowns uiautomator server given by appium-android-bootstrap jar build
• command flow is like
• appium-android-bootstrap:start -> appium-uiautomator:start -> appium-adb:install bootstrap

appium-selendroid-driver

• similar to appium-android-driver it can run as standalone server
• downloads and installs Selendroid using appium-selendroid-installer
• contains several Selendroid specific logic to ensure a seamless integration
• contains a more specific set of capability constraints
• uses jsonwp-proxy to talk to the server
• used appium-adb to enable commands not implemented in Selendroid

appium-selendroid-installer

• contains and exports a setup logic to
• download Selendroid
• determine AndroidManifest location
• determine Server APK location
• extracting both files
• copying and cleaning files

appium-android-ime

• allows to send and receive unicode characters from/to the Android device
• encodes text into UTF-7 sends it to the device and recodes it as Unicode
• used by appium-android-driver and appium-selendroid-driver

appium-doctor

• diagnoses, reports and fixes common Node, iOS and Android configuration issues before starting Appium
• exposes cli command “appium-doctor"
• it checks for
• Android:
  • android sdk exists and configured properly
  • env variables and path check
• iOS:
  • xcode is installed (with command line tools)
  • dev tools security check
  • auth check
  • node binary check

appium-gulp-plugins

• dev package with custom plugins used accross appium modules (for Appium development only)
• contains task for
• e2e and unit tests (with coverage reporting)
• transpiling ES2016 into ES5
• static code analysis (eslint)
• watch task for dev

appium-remote-debugger

• RPC client to connect Appium to iOS webviews
• can connect to WebKit devtools
• for iOS only
• has two rpc client classes
• remote-debugger-rpc-client: uses tcp6 that connects to localhost:27753
• webkit-rpc-client: uses WebSockets to connect to ws://localhost:27753/devtools/page/${pageId}

node-teen_process

• helper module that exposes:
• exec: ES7 (async/await) implementation of exec that uses spawn under the hood
• SubProcess: cuts down boilerplate when using spawn (especially when using in an async/await context)

appium-logger

• basic logger defaulting to npmlog with special consideration for running tests
• exposes getLogger function that gets used by almost all Appium packages
• defers to already-running logger if there is one, so everything bubbles up

appium-support

• utility functions used to support libs used across appium packages.
• provides promise wrappers for some common operations like
• system methods (isWindows, isLinux …)
• utility methods like hasValue, escapeSpace
• a bunch of fs methods
• plist helpers for parsing and updating plist files